Irina Ognyanova |
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Abstract: Nationalism and Catholicism were not only two basic, but closely tied ideas in the ideology of Ustashas, the Croatian extreme nationalist organization, which came to power in 1941. The Ustashas identified Catholicism with Croatian nation and nationalism and that is why they paid such attention to it in their ideological system. The aim of the new government was to create not just an independent, but also a Catholic state, a bastion against the Orthodox East. For Ustashas Catholicism was their bond to the Western civilization, which distinguished them mostly from the Serbs. It was not merely a religious doctrine, but anti-Serbism, anti-Semitism, anti-Communism and it was used as a mean for making their ideology popular. But the Ustashas proclaimed their movement for a national, not a religious or a Catholic one. It was a civil nationalistic movement. The Catholicism was not extreme because the Nationalists needed the support of the Muslims in the country, and they were not in “excellent” relationship with the leadership of the Catholic Church. The last was the only true opposition to the government in the Independent State of Croatia. Not religion, but nationalism, and precisely Anti-Serbism as its main element, has always been the core of the Ustasha ideological system. Catholicism was only one of its dimensions because of the religious difference between Croats and Serbs.
Keywords: Catholicism, Ustashas, Croatia, Secularism
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